Samuel at 01:56, 8 April 2026

2026-04-08T01:56:28Z

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Samuel at 01:55, 8 April 2026

2026-04-08T01:55:41Z

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	= NB-IoT (Narrowband Internet of Things) =		''NB-IoT (Narrowband Internet of Things)''

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Samuel: Created page with "= NB-IoT (Narrowband Internet of Things) = ---- ; Related * Architecture:Protocols:Main_Page * Architecture:Protocols:LoRa/LoRaWAN {{AI-Generated | tool=Copilot | date=2026-04-07 | scope=full page }} '''NB-IoT''' (''Narrowband Internet of Things'') is a cellular-based Low-Power Wide-Area Network (LPWAN) technology standardized by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). It is designed to enable large-scale deployment of low-power, low-data-rate device..."

2026-04-08T01:54:20Z

Created page with "= NB-IoT (Narrowband Internet of Things) = ---- ; Related * Architecture:Protocols:Main_Page * Architecture:Protocols:LoRa/LoRaWAN {{AI-Generated | tool=Copilot | date=2026-04-07 | scope=full page }} '''NB-IoT''' (''Narrowband Internet of Things'') is a cellular-based Low-Power Wide-Area Network (LPWAN) technology standardized by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). It is designed to enable large-scale deployment of low-power, low-data-rate device..."

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= NB-IoT (Narrowband Internet of Things) =

----
; Related
* [[Architecture:Protocols:Main_Page]]
* [[Architecture:Protocols:LoRa/LoRaWAN]]

{{AI-Generated
| tool=Copilot
| date=2026-04-07
| scope=full page
}}

'''NB-IoT''' (''Narrowband Internet of Things'') is a cellular-based Low-Power Wide-Area Network (LPWAN) technology standardized by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). It is designed to enable large-scale deployment of low-power, low-data-rate devices over existing mobile networks.

NB-IoT is part of the LTE (4G) family and is considered a key technology for massive machine-type communication (mMTC) in the Internet of Things (IoT).

== Overview ==
NB-IoT provides wide-area coverage, low power consumption, and the ability to connect a large number of devices. It operates in licensed spectrum bands and is typically deployed by mobile network operators.

Key characteristics include:
* Long battery life (up to 10 years)
* Deep indoor and underground coverage
* Support for massive numbers of devices
* Low to moderate data rates

== Architecture ==
NB-IoT devices communicate directly with cellular base stations (eNodeB). The data is transmitted through the operator's core network and then forwarded to cloud services or application servers.

Typical data flow:
<pre>
NB-IoT Device → Base Station (eNodeB) → Core Network → Internet → Application Server
</pre>

NB-IoT supports standard IP-based communication, allowing integration with protocols such as:
* MQTT
* HTTP/REST
* CoAP

== Technical Characteristics ==

{| class="wikitable"
! Feature !! Description
|-
| Spectrum || Licensed cellular bands
|-
| Bandwidth || ~180 kHz
|-
| Data Rate || Up to ~250 kbps
|-
| Latency || Typically 1–10 seconds
|-
| Coverage || Excellent (including indoor and underground)
|-
| Power Consumption || Very low
|-
| Battery Life || Up to 5–10 years
|-
| Deployment || Operator-managed networks
|}

== Deployment Modes ==
NB-IoT can be deployed in three different ways within existing LTE infrastructure:

* '''In-band''': Uses resource blocks within an LTE carrier
* '''Guard-band''': Uses unused spectrum between LTE channels
* '''Standalone''': Uses dedicated spectrum (e.g., refarmed GSM bands)

== Use Cases ==
NB-IoT is widely used in applications that require reliable, low-power connectivity over large areas:

* Smart metering (water, gas, electricity)
* Smart city infrastructure (parking, lighting, waste management)
* Environmental monitoring
* Industrial IoT
* Asset tracking

== Advantages ==
* Wide coverage, including difficult environments (basements, rural areas)
* Low power consumption enabling long battery life
* Utilizes existing cellular infrastructure
* High device capacity per cell
* Secure communication via cellular standards

== Limitations ==
* Requires subscription to a mobile network operator
* Higher latency compared to some short-range technologies
* Not suitable for high-bandwidth or real-time applications
* Limited control over network infrastructure

== Comparison with Other LPWAN Technologies ==

{| class="wikitable"
! Feature !! NB-IoT !! LoRaWAN !! Sigfox
|-
| Spectrum || Licensed || Unlicensed || Unlicensed
|-
| Network Ownership || Operator || Public or private || Operator
|-
| Data Rate || Moderate || Low || Very low
|-
| Payload Size || Medium || Small || Very small
|-
| Power Consumption || Low || Ultra-low || Ultra-low
|-
| Cost Model || Subscription || Gateway-based || Subscription
|}

== OSI Model Position ==
NB-IoT spans multiple layers of the ISO/OSI model:

* Physical Layer (Layer 1): LTE-based radio interface
* Data Link Layer (Layer 2): LTE MAC and scheduling
* Network Layer (Layer 3): IP-based communication

Application-layer protocols such as MQTT, HTTP, or CoAP operate on top of NB-IoT.

Architecture:Protocols:NB-IoT - Revision history

Samuel at 01:56, 8 April 2026

Samuel at 01:55, 8 April 2026