Architecture:Protocols:LoRa/LoRaWAN: Difference between revisions
Created page with "{{DISPLAYTITLE:LoRa / LoRaWAN}} == LoRa == * Part of Architecture:Protocols:Main_Page {{AI-Generated | tool=ChatGPT | date=2026-04-07 | scope=full page }} '''LoRa''' (Long Range) is a proprietary wireless communication technology designed for long-range connectivity with very low power consumption. It is mainly used in IoT (Internet of Things) applications. LoRa is based on a spread-spectrum technique using Chirp Spread Spectrum (CSS) modulation. === Features..." |
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== LoRa == | == LoRa == | ||
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Latest revision as of 01:55, 8 April 2026
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LoRa
AI-Generated Content Notice: The following content (full page) was generated using ChatGPT on 2026-04-07.
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LoRa (Long Range) is a proprietary wireless communication technology designed for long-range connectivity with very low power consumption. It is mainly used in IoT (Internet of Things) applications. LoRa is based on a spread-spectrum technique using Chirp Spread Spectrum (CSS) modulation.
Features
- Long range: Up to 15 km in rural areas, 2–5 km in urban areas
- Low power consumption: Devices can operate for years on a single battery
- Low data rate: Typically 0.3–50 kbit/s
- Robust to interference: CSS modulation ensures reliable communication even in noisy environments
LoRaWAN
LoRaWAN (Long Range Wide Area Network) is a network protocol built on top of LoRa that manages communication between LoRa end devices and gateways. It defines the MAC layer protocol and system architecture for a secure and scalable IoT network.
Architecture
LoRaWAN networks consist of three main components:
- End devices: Sensors or actuators that collect data or perform actions
- Gateways: Receive radio signals from end devices and forward them to the network server
- Network servers: Manage the network and route messages to application servers
Device Classes
LoRaWAN defines three classes of end devices:
- Class A: Energy-efficient, bidirectional; the device can only receive downlink messages immediately after an uplink transmission
- Class B: Scheduled receive windows allow regular downlink messages
- Class C: Almost always listening, higher power consumption
Security
- End-to-end encryption: AES-128 encryption for messages between the end device and the application server
- Network key: Authentication and integrity at the network level
- Application key: Protection of application payloads
Applications
LoRa and LoRaWAN are mainly used in:
- Smart cities (e.g., street lighting, waste management)
- Agriculture (e.g., soil moisture, livestock monitoring)
- Industry 4.0 (e.g., machine monitoring)
- Asset tracking (e.g., logistics, transportation)